o muzeu

Life As a Circle of Traditional Customs

The part called Life of people as a circle of traditional customs alias How a rural man lived and created things describes an agricultural year from its start, i.e. Easter, up to vintage and a village feast, a kind of thanksgiving ritual, symbolizing its end. You are welcome to join a Shrovetide procession, a pre-spring carnival whose original purpose was to secure abundance and fertility both on field and in family.

This imagined 40-day lent features the Easter time as a traditional beginning of an agricultural year with the first grazing of cattle, first sowing and planting. Easter is symbolized by taking out Death, or Morena alias Mařena, as a symbol of oncoming spring, Easter rumble-tumbling on Maundy Thursday, Big Friday and Holy Saturday. Uncountable sets of coloured eggs displayed in glass cylinders and the richness of the decorative techniques used, such as tie-dyeing, engraving, smothering with juncus and decorating with positive patterns show unique artistic skills of Easter egg decorators in Slovácko.

Another ethnographic cycle is linked with summer solstice. Whitsuntide, which comes on this Pentecost period, is associated with the best known custom – the Ride of Kings. Royal ceremonies combine various motifs from different sources and different times. They may resemble ancient initiatory rites by which young men achieved manhood. Or you can find resemblance with ancient Roman saturnalia, links with mediaeval rite culture and mediaeval theatre, with historical romantic legends about retreating kings. In the Uherské Hradiště region the most famous is the retreat of Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus defeated by George Podhebrad in 1469 and his hiding somewhere near Uherský Brod. General public has known this custom through spectacular Rides of Kings in Vlčnov, Hluk and Kunovice. The roles of kings are given to young lads of 10–13 who are escorted by aides, outriders and chanting riders.

Toward the end of summer filled with intense field work people would celebrate harvest home as the completion of the mowing season. Also here some links with pre-Christian thanksgiving and glorifying rituals can be traced. Presented are old tools for plowing and mowing, harness, all-wooden spades, cradle-scythes, scythes and sickles, decorated with all kinds of corn, harvest garlands as gifts and thanks for help to the farmer who would give day labourers a kind of treat called „aldamash“ as a reward for the help with harvest. The fifth wheel on the cart with a stuffed puppet pair of dancers represents the joy of the reaped crops.

The end of the farmer’s year is well pictured in the section of viniculture which has a long tradition in Slovácko. The vintage ceremony is symbolized by a vineyard straw bunch signalling the vineyard has been closed and must not be stepped in. This edict was accompanied with lots of privileges and bans to allow grapes to ripe in peace – only a guard called „hotař“, wearing a kind of kirtle, had the right to enter the vineyard before vintage, plus pregnant women whose fertility was supposed to affect the vineyards. Vintage did not come until a ceremonial „unlocking“ of the vineyard.

Besides harvest home and vintage, the main post-harvest customs in Slovácko are village festivals. They look like a hub of folklore traditions even today, but their character is slowly changing and they become increasingly representative.

Kontakt

Slovácké muzeum v Uherském Hradišti,
příspěvková organizace
Smetanovy sady 179
Uherské Hradiště 686 01
Telefon: 572 556 556, 572 551 370
E-mail: info@slovackemuzeum.cz
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